The resource directory is searchable and contains articles, tools, recordings, and links to websites. The resources are also categorized by topics, including the five Focus Areas suggested by the California Department of Education. Use the Search box below or click on the topical links to access the resources. (Hint: Once you have done an initial search, you will be able to sort the results by Resource Name or Publication Date.)

A Scalable Empathic-Mindset Intervention Reduces Group Disparities in School Suspensions (Article)

What causes high rates of suspensions, especially for students of color? Growing evidence points to racial bias. For instance, laboratory experiments find that teachers are more likely to knit together a series of misbehaviors as a pattern, to view a student who misbehaves as a troublemaker, and to punish them more severely, if the student is Black as compared with White.

Citation/Source

Okonofua, J. A., Goyer, J. P., Lindsay, C. A., Haugabrook, J., & Walton, G. M. (2022). A Scalable Empathic-Mindset Intervention Reduces Group Disparities in School Suspensions. Sciences Advances, 8 (12), 1-10.

Publication Date  2024

A Multilevel Analysis of Statewide Disproportionality in Exclusionary Discipline and the Identification of Emotional Disturbance (PDF)

This research study shows how African American students were seven times and Native American and Latino students were two times more likely to receive exclusionary discipline in the state of Wisconsin.

Citation/Source

Bal, Aydin, Jennifer Betters-Bubon, and Rachel E. Fish. 2019. “A Multilevel Analysis of Statewide Disproportionality in Exclusionary Discipline and the Identification of Emotional Disturbance.” Education and Urban Society 51 (2): 247–268.

Publication Date  2024

A Multi-Tiered Approach to Family Engagement: No two families are alike, so why should schools’ approach to supporting families be cookie cutter? (Article)

The authors discuss the need to have a mutli-facted approach to family engagement. They suggest tailoring family suppports and engagement based upon the family's specific needs. 

Citation/Source

Bachman, H. F., & Boone, B. J. (2022). A Multi-Tiered Approach to Family Engagement: No two families are alike, so why should schools’ approach to supporting families be cookie cutter? Educational Leadership, 80(1), 58–62.

Publication Date  2024

A Cultural, Linguistic, and Ecological Framework for Response to Intervention with English Language Learners (PDF)

The tool from the National Center for Culturally Responsive Education Systems Training (NNCREST) provides an overview of how RtI can be understood and used with diverse learners. It is useful for practitioners because it offers insight into how RtI can extend beyond a policy prescription in order to truly be responsive to all learners.

Citation/Source

Esparza Brown, J., and Doolittle, J. A Cultural, Linguistic, and Ecological Framework for Response to Intervention with English Language Learners. Washington, DC:  Office of Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education, 2008.

Publication Date  2024

A 5-Point Intervention for Enhancing Equity in School Discipline (PDF)

McIntosh, Kent, Girvan, Erik J., Horner, Robert H., Smolkowski, Keith, and Sugai, George. 2018. “A 5-Point Intervention for Enhancing Equity in School Discipline.” Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) February 2018. Authored by the nation’s experts in PBIS, this article provides insights into cultural responsiveness as a key component in creating equitable positive behavioral supports.

Citation/Source

McIntosh, Kent, Girvan, Erik J., Horner, Robert H., Smolkowski, Keith, and Sugai, George. 2018. “A 5-Point Intervention for Enhancing Equity in School Discipline.” Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) February 2018.

Publication Date  2024

6 Strategies for Successful Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Training (Article)

DEI Training includes the following 6 strategies: Differentiation & Vertical Alignment, Inclusivity, Open Discussion, Opportunities for Reflection, Connection to a bigger strategic plan, and Prioritization

Citation/Source

Harte, A. "6 Strategies for Successful Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training." Edutopia, (2022).

Publication Date  2024

*(The) Miners’ Canary: A Review of Overrepresentation Research and Explanations (PDF)

The article surveys existing research on disproportionality and outlines three common perspectives used to explain the issue. It is useful for practitioners because it shows how experts have tried to understand factors associated with disproportionality.  

Citation/Source

Waitoller, F. R., Artiles, A. J., and Cheney, D. "The Miners’ canary: A Review of Overrepresentation Research and Explanations." Journal of Special Education, 44(1), 2010:29-49

Publication Date  2024

(The) Voice: Highlights from 2018 (RECORDING)

In this video educational leaders discuss the challenges presented by and impacts experienced from implicit bias in schools.

Citation/Source

The Voice: Highlights from 2018 (The Voice). 2018. Vialogue. EdLab Teachers College: Columbia University.

Publication Date  2024

(The) Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS)

A national, federally funded center that provides capacity-building information and technical assistance for identifying, adapting, and sustaining effective school-wide disciplinary practices. Includes valuable tools and materials for school use.

Citation/Source

A national, federally funded center that provides capacity-building information and technical assistance for identifying, adapting, and sustaining effective school-wide disciplinary practices. Includes valuable tools and materials for school use.

Publication Date  2024

(The) Special EDge (PDF)

Newsletter addressing legal, policy, and human aspects of disproportionate representation.

Citation/Source

California Department of Education (2010).

Publication Date  2024

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The State Performance Plan Technical Assistance Project is a program of the Napa County Office of Education.

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Funding Information

California Department of Education, Special Education Division’s special project, State Performance Plan Technical Assistance Project (SPP-TAP) is funded through a contract with the Napa County Office of Education. SPP-TAP is funded from federal funds, (State Grants #H027A080116) provided from the U.S. Department of Education Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. Department of Education.

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