The resource directory is searchable and contains articles, tools, recordings, and links to websites. The resources are also categorized by topics, including the five Focus Areas suggested by the California Department of Education. Use the Search box below or click on the topical links to access the resources. (Hint: Once you have done an initial search, you will be able to sort the results by Resource Name or Publication Date.)

Uprooting Inequities in Schools (WEBPAGE)

This series of articles on Inequities in schools takes a close look at some schools and districts that are engaging in hard work of embracing the goals of equity and turning them into action steps that are benefiting students.  The articles discuss that black, Hispanic or low-income students schools may not have the same advanced courses as white, more affluent peers, teachers with long track records of effective teaching or are more likely to face harsher discipline.   Articles:  1. In Pursuit of Equity  2. Data Reveal Deep Inequalities in Schools  3. How Onw District is Raising Math Rigor and Achievement for Students of Color  4. Access to Quality PD Is an Equity Issue, Teachers Say  5. The Simple Policy Change That's Getting More Students of Color in Advanced Courses  6. The Art of Making Science Accessible and  Relevant to All Students

Citation/Source

Samuel, C.A., Schwartz, S., Blad, E., Gewertz, C. 2020. Uprooting Inequities in Schools. Bethesda, Maryland: Education Week http://e-news.edweek.org/hostedemail/email.htm?CID=41632109141&ch=555AE40C00CA2111F027762D339E115D&h=090c7478f5f0b706ad27de4da5c61b08&ei=7f7OBGlxN&st=04-MAR-20

Publication Date  2024

Unproven Links: Can Poverty Explain Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education? (ARTICLE)

Considers the degree to which poverty contributes to disproportionality in special education.

Citation/Source

Russell J. Skiba et al. (2005) The Journal of Special Education.

Publication Date  2024

Unpacking the Drivers of Racial Disparities in School Suspension and Expulsion (Article)

School suspension and expulsion are important forms of punishment that disproportionately affect Black students, with long-term consequences for educational attainment and other indicators of wellbeing. Prior research identifies three mechanisms that help account for racial disparities in suspension and expulsion: between-school sorting, differences in student behaviors, and differences in the treatment and support of students with similar behaviors. The authors extend this literature by (1) comparing the contributions of these three mechanisms in a single study, (2) assessing behavior and school composition when children enter kindergarten and before most are exposed to school discipline, and (3) using both teacher and parent reports of student behaviors.

Citation/Source

J. Owens, S. S. McLanahan, Unpacking the Drivers of Racial Disparities in School Suspension and Expulsion. Soc. Forces 98, 1548–1577 (2020).

Publication Date  2024

Understanding, Dismantling, and Disrupting the Prison-to-School Pipeline (BOOK)

This volume examines the interconnected concepts of punitive school discipline and early introduction to the criminal justice system. The authors review how improved understanding and amended practices are integral to eliminating the current trajectory of students into the penal system.

Citation/Source

Fasching-Varner, Kenneth J., Martin, Lori Latrice, Mitchell, Roland W., Bennett-Haron, Karen, ed. Daneshzadeh, Arash, ed. (2017). Understanding, Dismantling, and Disrupting the Prison-to-School Pipeline.Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Publication Date  2024

Understanding the Empty Backpack: The Role of Timing in Disproportionate Special Education Identification (Article)

The authors analyzed the delayed identification of Black and Latinx students post elementary school and the disproportionate eligibility outcomes as compared to their white peers. 

Citation/Source

Cruz, R., and Firestone, A. (2022) Understanding the Empty Backpack: The Role of Timing in Disproportionate Special Education Identification. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, Vol. 8(1) 95–113

Publication Date  2024

Understanding and Responding to the Disenfranchisement of Latino Males: Invisible No More (BOOK)

The book provides a comprehensive overview of health, social, emotional etc. issues facing Latino males in America. It is useful for practitioners who seek to further understand prevalent issues affecting Latino males in America.

Citation/Source

Noguera, P., Aida Hurtado and Edward Fergus Eds. Understanding and Responding to the Disenfranchisement of Latino Males: Invisible No More.  New York: Routledge, 2011.

Publication Date  2024

Two Strikes: Race and the Disciplining of Young Students (Article)

There are large racial disparities in school discipline in the United States, which, for Black students, not only contribute to school failure but also can lay a path toward incarceration. Although the disparities have been well documented, the psychological mechanisms underlying them are unclear. The authors argue that race not only can influence how perceivers interpret a specific behavior, but also can enhance perceivers’ detection of behavioral patterns across time.

Citation/Source

Okonofua, J. A., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2015). Two Strikes: Race and the Disciplining of Young Students. Psychological Science, 26(5) 617–624.

Publication Date  2024

Truth in Labeling: Disproportionality in Special Education (PDF)

A guide designed to assist local and state leaders in initiating critical conversations within their schools and communities about disproportionality.

Citation/Source

National Education Association (2007).

Publication Date  2024

Transforming Student and Learning Supports: Developing a Unified, Comprehensive, and Equitable System (BOOK)

This text integrates school improvement and systems change efforts with the provision of classroom supports, the building of meaningful parent and community engagement, and neighborhood crisis intervention, all within a context of equity. The authors recognize that creating efficacious academic and behavioral supports is the avenue to better student outcomes and pronounced educational and societal change. Readers will be able to review how multiple schools and districts have undergone these momentous paradigm shifts to reduce systemic inequities.

Citation/Source

Adelman, Howard S., and Linda Taylor. 2018. Transforming Student and Learning Supports: Developing a Unified, Comprehensive, and Equitable System. San Diego, CA: Cognella Academic Publishing.

Publication Date  2024

Transformative Educators are Warm Demanders (Webpage)

In this article, Dr. Bindreiff described the importance of balancing empathy for the challenges children with mental illness, income instability, and racism face with high expectations.  The author argues that “warmth paired with high expectations requires we invest in becoming community builders, capable of seeing and developing what lies buried inside each student” and that warmth has a greater impact than competence on our assessment of others. 

Citation/Source

Bindreiff, D. 2022. Transformative Educators are Warm Demanders. Corwin Connect, https://corwin-connect.com/2022/11/transformative-educators-are-warm-demanders/ (accessed January 30, 2023).

Publication Date  2024

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The State Performance Plan Technical Assistance Project is a program of the Napa County Office of Education.

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Funding Information

California Department of Education, Special Education Division’s special project, State Performance Plan Technical Assistance Project (SPP-TAP) is funded through a contract with the Napa County Office of Education. SPP-TAP is funded from federal funds, (State Grants #H027A080116) provided from the U.S. Department of Education Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the U.S. Department of Education.

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