Preventing Disproportionate Representation: Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Prereferral Interventions (PDF)
Practitioner brief written for parents and teachers of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students; discusses culturally and linguistically responsive prereferral interventions for preventing the disproportionate representation of CLD students in special education.
Citation/Source
Shernaz B. García and Alba A. Ortiz (2006) The Equity Alliance at Arizona State University.
Publication Date 2024
Education Research Brief—Disproportionality: A Look at Special Education and Race in the Commonwealth (PDF)
Considers promising practices for ensuring that all students from racial and ethnic minorities are given every opportunity to succeed in school.
Citation/Source
Matthew Deninger (2008) Massachusetts Department of Education.
Publication Date 2024
Distinguishing Difference from Disability: The Common Causes of Racial/Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education (PDF)
Highlights some of the common policies, practices, and beliefs that place racial/ethnic minorities and low-income students at risk.
Citation/Source
Edward Fergus (2010) NYU Steinhardt Technical Assistance Center on Disproportionality.
Publication Date 2024
Disproportionate Representation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in Special Education: Measuring the Problem (ARTICLE)
An overview of the history and scope of the problem of disproportional representation.
Citation/Source
Martha Coutinho and Donald Oswald (2006) National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems.
Publication Date 2024
Racial Transformation and the Changing Nature of Segregation (PDF)
The resource highlights how racial segregation in schools is still a relevant and consequential issue in America. The resource provides practitioners with a critical lens as they think about the demographic trends in the districts they work in.
Citation/Source
Orfield, G., and Lee, C. “Racial Transformation and the Changing Nature of Segregation.” Civil Rights Project at Harvard University. Cambridge, MA., 2006.
Publication Date 2024
Disproportionality and Overrepresentation, Module 5 from Building the Legacy: A Training Curriculum on IDEA 2004 (WEBPAGE)
Includes slideshow, trainers guide, and participant handouts for explaining what states, districts, and schools must now do to address disproportionate representation, including significant disproportionality, as outlined in IDEA 2004. NOTE: After September 30, 2014 all of the NICHCY resources will be housed in the Center for Parent Information and Resources Library at http://www.parentcenterhub.org/resources
Citation/Source
National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities: NICHCY (2005).
Publication Date 2024
Racial Disparities and Discrimination in Education: What Do We Know, How Do We Know It, and What Do We Need to Know? (ARTICLE)
The article explores existing research on educational inequities. The article offers practitioners a comprehensive understanding of when, where and how educational inequity manifests and how it has been understood in research.
Citation/Source
Farkas, George. "Racial Disparities and Discrimination in Education: What Do We Know, How Do We Know It, and What Do We Need to Know?" Teachers College Record 105(6), 2003.
Publication Date 2024
Local Equity Action Development (LEAD) (PDF)
Describes a local change process, LEAD, which is grounded in cultural competence that addresses disproportionality in special education and other equity issues facing Indiana schools.
Citation/Source
Shana Ritter and Russell J. Skiba (2006) Center for Evaluation and Education Policy.
Publication Date 2024
Parsing the Relations of Race and Socioeconomic Status in Special Education Disproportionality (PDF)
This study examines how student and school-level socioeconomic status (SES) measures predict students’ odds of being identified for special education, particularly for high-incidence disabilities.
Citation/Source
Kincaid, Alesksis P., and Amanda L. Sullivan. 2017. “Parsing the Relations of Race and Socioeconomic Status in Special Education Disproportionality.” Remedial and Special Education 38 (3): 159–170.
Publication Date 2024
An Evidence-Based Approach to Reducing Disproportionality in Special Education and Discipline Referrals (PDF)
This article examines how a comprehensive plan for early identification and screening of students with social, emotional, and behavioral concerns can reduce disproportionality.
Citation/Source
Bradley Williams, Rachel, Deitra Bryant-Mallory, Kenya Coleman, Douglas Gotel, and Carla Hall. 2017. “An Evidence-Based Approach to Reducing Disproportionality in Special Education and Discipline Referrals.” Children & Schools 39 (4): 248–251.
Publication Date 2024
